The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2001 "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information"   George A. Akerlof A. Michael Spence Joseph E. Stiglitz 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize USA USA USA University of California Berkeley, CA, USA Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA Columbia University New York, NY, USA b. 1940 b. 1943 b. 1943

			The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2002 "for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty" "for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms"   Daniel Kahneman Vernon L. Smith 1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize USA and Israel USA Princeton University Princeton, NJ, USA George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA b. 1934 (in Tel Aviv, Israel) b. 1927

			The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2003 "for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)" "for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)"   Robert F. Engle III Clive W.J. Granger 1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize USA United Kingdom New York University New York, NY, USA University of California San Diego, CA, USA b. 1942 b. 1934

			The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2004 "for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles"   Finn E. Kydland Edward C. Prescott 1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize Norway USA Carnegie-Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of California Santa Barbara, CA, USA Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, USA; Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Minneapolis, MN, USA b. 1943 b. 1940