Due to fierce military conflicts, a training system combined horsemanship and archery was established. Some related sports such as sumo, archery, polo, long-distance running and water sport were developed to a higher level. Meanwhile, the development of handicraft industry and comerce in towns accelerated urban boom and civilian culture, which helped widely spread Cu Ju, Jiao Di, swimming, board games and healthcare activities. Furthermore, a large number of sport organizations  run by the government or the civilians began to take shape. In a sense, they can be regarded as the pioneers of sport associations.

This part is taken from the Painting of Maids painted by Du Jin. Three women are pounding pills with another two standing nearby, stick in hand. Pills and pits are clearly described.